Abstract:

Although Indigenous Peoples have been living sustainably for generations, few studies have explored the role of different elements of cultural heritage, and their links with biodiversity, in promoting sustainable development. This study was conducted as part of the project ‘Indigenous biocultural heritage for sustainable development’ (2018–21). The project involved case studies in China, India, Peru and Kenya it argues it is vital that biocultural concerns are integrated into the region’s Development Plan by working closely with the communities at village level, and a proposed BCHT as an FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System should be recognised. Finally, to enhance conservation and livelihoods and to stem the loss of traditional ecological knowledge, restrictions on forest access should be removed. Traditional rules and customary rights and responsibilities of Lepcha, Limbu and other Indigenous communities should be recognised under the Forest Rights Act. A BCHT or GIAHS is unlikely to succeed and be sustained by communities unless Indigenous Peoples’ rights are fully recognised.